复杂地形下星载大光斑激光测高定位模型及方法研究

With the rapid development of satellite laser altimeter technology, some expert researchers proposed a new way that is using the laser altimeter to composite the stereo mapping camera in one platform to improve the accuracy of satellite stereo mapping, in order to make up for the requirements of the satellite stereo mapping. However, the plane precision of the satellite laser altimeter is poor, especially in the complex terrain. There is found inconsistencies between the laser ranging and spot positioning. In order to solve this problem, this project, based on the laser ranging principle and measuring error theory, will research on the geometric positioning method of satellite laser altimeter over complex terrains. Two scientific problems remain to be solved that is the error laws of laser ranging and spot positioning in the complex terrain. The mainly studies involve the error analysis of satellite laser altimeter, the waveform decomposition algorithm over complex terrains and the geometric positioning model considering terrain character. The goal of the research is to complete the error theory system and build the geometric pointing model of satellite laser altimeter over the complex terrains. The studies will contribute to promote the satellite laser altimeter technology in the application of earth observation, and it has very important theoretic and practical value for the further satellite laser altimeter.

星载激光测高技术日新月异，为提升国产卫星测绘产品高程精度，有专家提出将激光测高仪与光学相机同平台搭载进行复合测绘。但是激光测高数据的平面定位精度较差，尤其是复杂地形下星载大光斑激光测距与光斑几何定位存在不一致性。本项目以激光测距原理和误差理论为着手点，开展复杂地形下星载激光测高定位模型和数据处理方法研究，拟解决复杂地形对激光测距和光斑定位的误差传递影响规律等两项关键科学问题。项目重点研究星载激光测高系统的误差传递机理、复杂激光波形分解与特征参数提取方法、激光测高时空耦合的几何定位模型等，旨在完善星载大光斑激光测高误差分析体系，建立复杂地形下激光测高的严密定位模型。通过本项目的研究有助于推动激光测高卫星在对地观测领域的综合应用创新，为国产激光测高数据的应用推广提供技术支撑。

本项目面向国产激光测高卫星数据在遥感测绘领域的应用需求，针对复杂地形下大光斑激光测距与光斑几何定位存在不一致性问题，开展了星载激光测高误差分析、复杂激光波形分解及激光测高时空耦合的几何定位研究，满足复杂地形下星载大光斑激光高精度几何处理的要求。项目研制了星地一体化的激光测高数据仿真平台，制定了星载激光测高误差分析指标体系；提出了峰值自动识别的激光波形正向分解方法，优化波形特征参数的提取精度；建立了基于波形匹配的激光光斑内定位方法，完善了星载激光测高严密几何模型；利用仿真数据、机载大光斑激光数据、ICESat/GLAS激光数据、高分七号数据对严密模型进行实验验证。通过本项目的研究有助于推动激光测高卫星在对地观测领域的综合应用创新，为国产激光测高数据的应用推广提供了技术支撑。项目按照计划完成了全部的研究内容和研究目标。