磁力丝杠集成作动系统及其分数槽集中绕组的低谐波设计

Cardiovascular disease has been the top of causes of human deaths worldwide and artificial heart technique offers the opportunity of heart transplantation when the shortage of donors is very serious. In order to solve the problems of existing blood pumps, such as blood damage, low reliability and low force density, a novel linear electromagnetic actuator with improved performance is proposed, in which a permanent-magnet motor and a magnetic screw are integrated. By adopting non-magnetic yoke in composite rotor, the proposed actuator can decouple fluxes of motor and screw, offering high reliability and high force density. Fractional-slot concentrated windings motors incorporate the merits of high efficiency and high power density, while low harmonic design is employed to eliminate their high hazard MMF harmonics. Topology and electromagnetic parameter are investigated, including their influences on MMF harmonics, decoupled fluxes, end effect, vibration and noise and ratio of power to system size (mass). Then, design principle and optimal calculating method of the proposed actuator system are summarized. Its dynamic performance is also predicted, by which dynamic simulation model in multi-dimensional operation mode is developed. The control strategies are studied and experimental platform is built. Based on simulation system for blood circulation, overall performance is experimentally analyzed and evaluated. The basic problems of science can be clarified. For both permanent-magnet motor and magnetic screw, the methods of individual analysis and integrated design are explored. The general rules are revealed in which magnetic screw is highly integrated and fractional-slot concentrated windings motors are with low harmonic. This project lays theoretical and experimental foundations for their applications in many high requirement fields.

心脏疾病已成为危害人类健康的头号杀手，人工心脏解决了心脏移植供体匮乏的难题。克服现有心脏泵在血损、可靠性、推力密度等方面的不足，提出一种高性能直线作动系统。将永磁电机与磁力丝杠相集成，设计无导磁轭复合转子结构，实现磁通解耦，系统可靠性高、力密度高；低谐波分数槽集中绕组设计，在兼具高效率、高功率密度等优点的同时，消除了高危害磁动势谐波。研究拓扑结构和电磁参数对磁动势谐波、磁通耦合度、边端效应、振噪特性以及功率/体积（质量）比的影响规律，总结该类作动系统的设计原理和优化计算方法；分析系统的动态性能，建立多维运动模式的动态仿真模型；研究控制策略，搭建实验平台，基于血液循环模拟试验系统，进行系统综合性能的分析与评估。提炼基础科学问题，探寻永磁电机与磁力丝杠解耦分析与一体化设计的耦合路径，揭示高集成磁力丝杠作动系统与低谐波分数槽集中绕组设计的一般性规律，为其在多种高要求领域的应用奠定理论与实验基础。

本项目提出一种永磁电机与磁力丝杠集成作动系统，通过对磁力丝杠作动系统与永磁电机进行多目标复合优化策略，对系统的磁路解耦进行研究，实现高推力密度、高可靠性的直线作动系统。提出并设计了多种不同结构的磁力丝杠结构，在保证尺寸不变的前提下，提高系统的推力密度。提出一种螺旋形磁路的设计方法，通过采用斜切割的分段磁体的处理方案，实现高性能螺旋形磁路的等效，提高系统推力性能，降低系统结构复杂性和工程造价。设计制造了实验样机，并进行了初步测试。分数槽集中绕组中磁动势谐波含量十分丰富。这些谐波的存在会引起较大的转子涡流损耗及振动噪声等问题。因此，低谐波设计对分数槽集中绕组电机性能的提高及安全可靠的运行意义重大。本项目提出一种新型的低谐波分数槽集中绕组永磁电机，兼顾高容错性能及高功率密度，极大的减小电机转子涡流损耗及电机的振动噪声，提高电机效率及运行性能。按照低谐波设计原理，开展了绕组磁动势谐波分析、低谐波设计的方法，以及样机研制及测试等方面的工作，取得了创新性研究成果。相关成果发表SCI收录论文15篇，授权发明专利5项，获军队科技进步一等奖。