地下金属矿采掘计划可视化优化方法与技术研究

Based on the technique of optimization method of task unit which subject to underground mine production planning and 3D visualization, the aim of this subject is to achieve the visualization compiled of production planning of underground mine. Because of the complexity of production process of underground mine and constraint condition and multiple optimization objectives, the traditional optimization method through construction abstract mathematical programming model through the set functions with precedence relation to express the mine production planning. Based on constraint condition and precedence relation, there is a way to achieve the optimization of objective function by using mathematical programming method. This method results in much more subjectivity, lower accuracy and difficult to put into practice through abstract and simplify the model. A new method of visualization planning optimization compiled was proposed according to interactive simulation task unit and 3D visualization by the applicant. The following steps should be adopted in achieving the new method: First, establish the basic task as well as derivation task for every project unit by dividing the task unit. There will be formed an undirected graph in the space by constructing unit topological relationship. Establish both the relationship between constraint and link and the model which can meet the total level-division plan. Then, automatic search initial optimization scheme of target plan of each layer by applying operational research method (critical path method and dynamic programming).Finally, determine the secondary and the final optimization mining planning scheme by visualization interactive simulation.

课题以实现地下矿生产计划可视化编制为目标，研究基于任务单元的地下矿生产计划优化方法及三维可视化编制技术。由于地下矿生产工艺的复杂性，地下矿生产计划优化目标多、约束条件复杂，传统优化法是通过建构抽象的数学规划模型，用一个优先关系集合函数表示矿山生产计划，根据约束条件和优先关系，采用数学规划方法实现目标函数最优化，该方法需要对模型进行抽象和简化，导致计划方案主观性大、准确性低、可操作性差。申请者提出基于任务单元与三维可视化交互模拟结合的可视化计划优化编制新方法。首先对计划进行任务单元划分，为每一工程单元建立基本任务与派生任务，通过空间关系构建任务单元拓扑关系，在空间上形成无向图，建立约束与链接关系及满足总目标的分层次计划模型，然后运用运筹学方法（关键路线法CPM及动态规划）对各层次目标计划进行初次优化方案自动搜索，最后采用可视化交互模拟进行调整，确定二次及最终采掘计划方案。

编制矿山采掘生产计划是矿山生产经营管理中最重要的任务，它直接影响到矿山企业是否能够持续、稳定、均衡的生产。在市场激烈竞争的环境下，一个好的采矿生产计划对指导矿山在正确的时间、地点开采出效益最佳的矿石数量和质量及其重要。本项目的目标是实现地下矿采掘生产计划的可视化编制，主要任务研究基于任务单元划分的地下矿可视化采掘计划编制方法。完成的主要工作：①完成了地下矿生产计划编制的目标、原则及流程研究。②完成了地下矿山采掘计划可视化编制基础数据。包括掘进、中孔、采矿数据。其中，解决了巷道实体模型重建技术、矿体模型自动更新等技术难题。③在地质建模及矿山工程实体建模的基础上，基于计划编制对象形式的多样性，对计划任务单元进行分解及分类，同时对计划编制对象赋予多个属性，形成为计划可视化编制及方案优化基础数据平台。④研究了采掘工程衔接优化流程。根据各约束条件与编排的采场衔接计划图，采用人机交互的方式，方便快速的调整采掘衔接计划方案。⑤对采掘计划成果图及统计表格进行了标准化研究。包括：输出生成长期、短期和短期采掘计划图、甘特图、定制报表等。⑥开发了三维环境下矿山采掘计划编制优化模块。在三维可视化任务单元数据的基础上，对数据进行有空间约束的空间搜索，得到可行方案，然后结合非空间约束条件进行选择，最后采用多目标决策法选出最优方案。⑦基于辰州矿业沃溪矿区的采掘工艺技术，采用DIMINE软件建立了矿山的地质数据库、生产路径和三维实体，并实现了采掘计划的三维可视化，完成了生产计划基础报表的功能定制。