With the expansion of global warming and urban area, the problem of urban thermal environment becomes more and more serious. As amount of people gathering in urban residential areas, the increasingly harsh outdoor thermal environment has become an urgent problem to be solved. As a common form used in residential buildings in south China, piloti haven't been considered enough in the quantitative study of passive climate adaptability design. In this research, both the hot summer and cold winter seasons are considered in the hot-summer and cold-winter urban. Through computer simulations, the outdoor thermal environments of residential cluster with different piloti changes will be clarified, and then the relationships between the variables of piloti and outdoor thermal environment will be obtained. Field measurements and questionnaire surveys will be carried out to collect data during both summer and winter, and the outdoor thermal comfort database of different age groups in hot-summer and-cold winter area will be built. using human outdoor thermal comfort as the evaluation standard, the balance mode of piloti variable in both the winter and summer will be found and the optimal interval of piloti variable will be quantified. These results could provide scientific and technical support for the passive climate adaptation design of urban residential area in hot-summer and cold-winter city.
随着全球变暖和城市化扩展,城市热环境问题变得日益严峻。作为大量人口聚集的城市居住区,其恶劣的室外热环境已成为一个亟待解决的问题。架空层作为我国南方居住区普遍存在的建筑形式,其在被动式气候适应性方面的研究尚显不足。本项目综合考虑夏热冬冷城市冬夏两季的极端气候,通过计算机模拟不同架空层情况的居住区组团热环境状况,解析架空层变量与室外热环境的互动机理;在冬夏两季进行问卷调查和现场实测,建立不同年龄层人群的室外热舒适数据库,以人体室外热舒适为评价标准,揭示架空层变量在冬夏两季的平衡模式,量化架空层变量的优适区间,以此为夏热冬冷城市居住区的被动式气候适应性设计提供科学支撑与技术支持。
在城市热岛背景下,架空层是一种较好的适应城市热岛的方法,且相关定量研究较少。架空层可以提供荫蔽空间,改善风速,缓解人类的热舒适。此外,它不会产生水蒸气,湿度不会升高。.本项目主要研究内容如下:.(1) 通过同时进行客观环境物理测量和主观问卷调查,阐明夏热冬冷城市(武汉)的室外热舒适性。不同SET*(标准有效温度)间隔和可接受率之间的关系将用于评估热环境。.(2) 确定夏热冬冷城市(武汉)住区中架空层的最佳排布,并以此为基础,研究架空率与室外热环境(风速、温度、地铁、SET*)之间的关系。.(3) 根据不同的评价项目(考虑温度影响的风速,SET*),为夏热冬冷城市的住宅优化设计提供定量依据。.重要结果有:.(1)通过问卷调查和客观环境物理测量。获得了夏热冬冷城市人体热舒适数据库。夏季和冬季的中性温度分别为25.6℃和24.7℃。冬季和夏季TSV和TCV之间的关系表明,在夏季,当热感觉略低于微冷时,人们会感到舒适;但在冬天,它们需要稍微暖和一点。.(2)研究中住区里,如果风速大于2.8 m/s或小于1.24 m/s,则夏季会引起风不适,而如果风速大于1.9 m/s,则在冬季会引起风不适。将架空率控制在12%到38%之间,可避免风引起的不适。.(3)结合问卷与模拟结果,得到架空率与热环境可接受率的关系,如下表:.架空率 0 20% 40% 60% .80%.非架空区域平均 SET* 38.7 36.9. 36.0 35.4 35.1.非架空区域热环境可接受率 10.9% 25.6% 33.0% 37.9% 40.3%.红色虚线区域平均 SET* 35.8 34.4 33.6 32.9 32.6.红色虚线区域热环境可接受率 34.6% 46.1% 52.6% 58.3%.60.8%.本项目运用数值模拟的方法定量研究了底层架空变量对居住区室外热环境的影响,结合热舒适调研所得夏热冬冷城市人体热舒适数据库,得到根据不同热环境接受率确定最优架空变量的方法,为小区建设及旧城改造提供参考依据,对营造良好的城市室外微气候具有重要意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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