云南边境地区蝙蝠主要体外寄生虫蝠蝇和蛛蝇多样性及携带病毒的研究

Bats are the natural reservoir of many important viruses, and thus it is of great significance for the prevention and control of disease to explore the ways of bat viral transmission. The parasites associated with bats are considered as a potential candidate of bat viral spreading, but related evidence has been still lacking to date. Studies from abroad have demonstrated that Streblidae and Nycteribiidae are the major parasites of bats. Recently, we have isolated and identified a variety of viruses from bats in Yunnan Province, and they are derived from mainly Streblidae and Nycteribiidae. However, the ecology and virus-carried of these bat flies remain to be elusive. For this project, we will firstly collect specimens of the ectoparasitic hemophagous bugs, Streblidae and Nycteribiidae, in Yunnan border area, and carry out the identification of morphology and molecular biology. Further, we will conduct the detection and molecular identification of viruses carried by all collected bat samples using meta-genomics, high-throughput sequencing methods and so on . This study will elucidate the characteristics of community ecology, gene diversity and biological diversity. According to the results of virus genomics, isolation and identification, we will address the type, distribution of viruses and its relationship with the hosts from two types of bat flies. Meanwhile, the roles of the parasites in bat viral spreading will be well understood. The expected results will lay a solid foundation for the studies on elucidating the ways of bat viral spreading and preventing and controlling techniques of disease.

蝙蝠是多种重要病毒病原的储存宿主，了解蝙蝠传播病毒的方式对疾病预防控制有重要意义。蝙蝠有关的寄生虫可能是蝙蝠传播病毒的途径之一，但至今未发现确实的传播证据。国外的研究证实，蝠蝇和蛛蝇是蝙蝠体外的主要寄生虫，本项目组近几年已从蝙蝠中分离到多种病毒，还发现云南省蝙蝠的体外寄生虫大多为蝠蝇和蛛蝇，但有关它们的生态学和及其携带病毒情况都不清楚。为此，本项目在云南边境地区开展蝙蝠体外寄生吸血昆虫蝠蝇和蛛蝇标本采集、形态学和分子生物学鉴定，对所有采获标本采用宏基因组学及高通量测序技术等方法进行病毒检测及其分子生物学鉴定。本研究将获得云南省边境地区蝠蝇和蛛蝇的群落生态学特征及基因多态性和生物多样性特点；通过病毒基因组学和病毒分离鉴定结果，掌握蝠蝇和蛛蝇携带病毒种类、分布及与蝙蝠宿主的关系，获得寄生虫在蝙蝠传病中的作用，为阐明蝙蝠病毒传播途径研究和预防控制技术的研究奠定基础。