高效率、可拉伸的纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池

Weaveable fiber-shaped solar cells have been widely proposed to satisfy the requirement for miniaturization and light weight in the wearable electronics. However, the current fiber-shaped dye-sensitized and polymer solar cells are limited by low energy conversion efficiencies. On the other hand, novel perovskite solar cells are recently studied with high energy conversion efficiencies, and therefore may also be developed to make high-efficiency fiber-shaped solar cells...This proposal focuses on the development of stretchable, high-efficiency fiber-shaped perovskite solar cells as below. A titanium wire that is grown with a layer of titania nanotubes on the surface is used as cathode and further coated with the photoactive perovskite material. The modified titanium wire has been then wound with an elastic polymer/aligned carbon nanotube composite fiber that serves as the anode, followed by winding an aligned carbon nanotube sheet to produce the fiber-shaped perovskite solar cell. The designed aligned nanotubes on the surface of the two electrodes can enhance the charge separation and transport, which in turn improves the power conversion efficiency of the fiber-shaped perovskite solar cell. The underlying mechanism and rule of the charge transport on the fiber surface will be systematically studied aiming at the highly efficient device. In addition, the elastic composite fiber electrode and twist structure provide the fiber-shaped perovskite solar cell to be also stretchable, which is critically important for the use in the wearable electronics. To the best of our knowledge, no stretchable perovskite solar cells have been ever reported to date.

为了满足可穿戴电子设备微型化和轻量化的迫切发展需要，人们提出了构建轻质、可纺的纤维状太阳能电池的设想，但已报道的纤维状固态染料敏化太阳能电池和聚合物太阳能电池的光电转换效率都比较低。另一方面，近年来发展出的钙钛矿太阳能电池，具有较高的光电转换效率，有望获得高效率的纤维状太阳能电池。.本项目拟发展出一类高效率、可拉伸的新型纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池，主要设想：在二氧化钛纳米管修饰的钛丝上吸附有机铅三卤化物，然后与弹性高分子/取向碳纳米管复合纤维相互缠绕，最后包覆透明的取向碳纳米管栅，构建纤维状电池。两个电极表面设计的取向纳米管结构，可以促进电荷的快速分离和传输，有利于获得高光电转换效率，将系统研究并揭示电荷在曲形纤维界面上分离与传输的机制和规律。弹性复合纤维电极以及缠绕结构赋予纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池可拉伸的独特性能，对于可穿戴电子领域的应用至关重要，而迄今为止尚未实现钙钛矿太阳能电池的可拉伸。

为了满足可穿戴电子设备微型化和轻量化的迫切发展需要，纤维状太阳能电池被广泛研究和发展。项目团队在国际上率先提出并发展了纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池，但其柔性和效率仍然不能满足实际应用要求。基于此，本项目发展了一类高效率、可拉伸的新型纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池，光电转换效率最高达到5.01%，最大拉伸量达到40%，光电转换效率在拉伸250个循环后保持在80%以上。进一步，通过揭示光生载流子在纤维状电池中曲形界面上分离与传输的机制和规律，优化材料形貌和器件结构设计，提高了纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转化效率，达到9.49%。基于上述方法和思路，构建了一系列高性能纤维状能量转化和存储器件，包括高效率纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池、可溶液加工的纤维状聚合物太阳能电池、可拉伸的纤维状超级电容器和高能量密度的纤维状锂离子电池等；进一步通过设计共用电极和芯鞘结构，在一根纤维上实现功能集成，构建了纤维状能量转化和存储集成器件，并进一步优化了输出电压和能量密度，实现能量转化和存储功能的匹配；最后，发展了柔性太阳能电池织物，并将其与储能器件在织物上实现集成获得自供电织物。这些纤维和织物器件，有望满足未来可穿戴电子设备的发展需求。.在项目执行期间，项目负责人以通讯作者发表了76篇研究论文，包括1篇Nature Biomed. Eng.、1篇Nature Protoc.、1篇Nature Rev. Mater.、7篇Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.、8篇Adv. Mater.和2篇Adv. Funct. Mater.等，申请中国发明专利20项，其中授权9项。项目负责人获得钱宝钧纤维材料奖青年学者奖、中国材料研究学会优秀组织奖、全球高被引科学家（科睿唯安）、上海市“四有”好教师（教书育人楷模）、享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家、日内瓦国际发明展金奖、国家“万人计划”领军人才、国家百千万人才工程、国家有突出贡献中青年专家、科技部中青年创新领军人才和上海市自然科学牡丹奖等。在项目执行中，共有12名博士生毕业、12名硕士生毕业、8名博士后出站。