制备高性能橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料的关键控制因素研究

How to achieve the dispersion of nano clay layers and keep the ideal dispersion state of clay layers in rubber matrix, and improve the interfacial interaction between the matrix and clay, is a key issue for rubber/clay nanocomposites. In order to prepare high performance rubber/clay nanocomposites with desired morphology (exfoliated structure), in this project, rubber/clay nanocomposites are synthesized by using the manufactured compound modifier clay, organoic modifier and organic molecules swollen clay. The reactive functional groups, organic molecules (swelling agent), processing parameters of curing, all these factors having certain influence on micro-structures of the different rubber/clay nanocomposites, which synthesized by the different preparation methods or different polarity of rubber matrix, are studied. On the basis of the experiment results, a view introducton of the thermodynamic principle, the technical performancesit is optimized, and the mechanism of the intercalation process of clay is proposed. So some guidelines to achieve the desired morphology (exfoliated structure) in the case of rubber/clay nanocomposites are obtained. All these offer an effective way in guiding exploitation in rubber/clay nanocomposites from theoretical research to applications in practice.

如何实现粘土片层在橡胶基体中的单片层分散并保持其稳定的分散状态和提高粘土-橡胶两相界面作用，成为制备具有高性能橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料的技术关键。本课题以制备分散相态理想、性能优异的橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料为目标，提出利用复配混合物反应型表面改性剂改性粘土、原位有机改性-预膨胀粘土制备橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料，重点考察表面改性剂反应官能团、有机溶剂小分子、热处理工艺参数等因素，对不同橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料微观相态结构的影响。从热力学、动力学的观点，阐明高弹性橡胶高分子链插层进入层状硅酸盐的机理，寻找粘土片层在橡胶基体中分散剥离的规律，为橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料的开发从理论研究走上实际应用提供解决途径。

如何实现粘土片层在橡胶基体中的单片层分散并保持其稳定的分散状态和提高粘土-橡胶两相界面作用，成为制备具有高性能橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料的技术关键。本课题以制备分散相态理想、性能优异的橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料为目标，提出利用复配混合物反应型表面改性剂改性粘土、原位有机改性-预膨胀粘土制备橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料，重点考察表面改性剂反应官能团、有机溶剂小分子、热处理工艺参数等因素，对不同橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料微观相态结构的影响。例如，采用新型制备技术——原位有机改性-预膨胀法制备的橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料的力学性能和微观结构明显优于熔体插层法，具体地讲，采用20%丙烯酸预膨胀、原位有机改性粘土制备NBRCNs的拉伸强度、撕裂强度较传统熔体插层法制备的NBRCNs提高了88%、82% 。从热力学、动力学的观点，阐明高弹性橡胶高分子链插层进入层状硅酸盐的机理，寻找粘土片层在橡胶基体中分散剥离的规律，为橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料的开发从理论研究走上实际应用提供解决途径。