沙生灌木枝条/液化物发泡体原态复合新型轻质墙体材料制备工艺研究

With the Salix-wood as raw material, which is abundant in desert shrub resources in the Inner Monglia Autonomous Region, this project studies on the preparation technology of the new and light-weight composite wall material by microwave -assisted liquefaction and foaming technology. This research will define the optimal liquetaction technology by studing on the liquefier, catalyst, the ratio of chemicals and salix residues etc. make effects on the residue content of microwave-assisted liquified materials. And put forward the microwave-assisted liquefaction machanism by researching the reactive functional groups of liquefied materials with the analysis techics such as FTIR, GCP and so on and estabilishing kinetic equation about microwave-assistied liquefaciton by analyzing certain indicators. Then, we will define the spouting and foaming technology and studing the fluence of desert shrub stems knited in different ways for the physical and mechanical properties (density, internal bond etc.) of new and light-weight composite wall material at the same time to prepare the new and light-weight composite wall material which has the properties of light, preservation, fire resistance, heat preservation, and acoutic insulating and so on. The research results will have important theoretical signigicance and pratical value to develop the light housing partition plate for wood structural construction or the traditinal reinforced concrete buidings. In addition, it also has important theoretical significance to make the microwave-assitied technology industrialization. Meanwhile, there is a way to improve the rate of multipurpose utilization of the desert shrub, a way to increase the income of sandy farmers and herdsmen. And to promote the ecological environment construction in desert regions and accomplish the balance development between ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

本项目以内蒙古丰富的沙生灌木资源- - 沙柳材为原材料，研究了微波辅助加热液化和发泡技术制备新型轻质复合墙体材料的工艺。通过研究液化剂、催化剂、液物比等因素对微波辅助加热液化产物残渣率等指标的影响，确定最优液化工艺，并运用傅里叶红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱等分析技术探究液化产物活性基团，利用相关指标建立微波辅助加热液化过程的动力学方程，初步形成微波辅助加热液化机理。然后确定液化物喷注发泡工艺，同时考察沙生灌木原条不同编织方式对制备的新型轻质复合墙体材料的密度、内结合强度等物理力学性能的影响，以制备具有轻质、耐腐、阻燃、保温、隔音等优越性能的新型复合墙体材料。研究结果将对开发木结构房屋建筑或传统钢筋混凝土房屋建筑轻质隔墙材料具有重要的理论与实用价值，并对液化技术的产业推广具有重要理论意义。同时，可提高沙生灌木资源利用率，增加农牧民收入，促进沙区生态建设，实现生态效益、经济效益和社会效益协调发展。

1.项目背景. 项目基于内蒙古丰富的沙生灌木资源，以沙柳材为原材料研究微波辅助加热液化和发泡技术制备新型轻质复合墙体材料的工艺。.2.主要研究内容. 沙柳液化预处理技术、响应面法优化沙柳材液化的工艺、低元醇复合液化剂和反应温度对微波辅助液化木材的影响、沙柳材在多元醇溶液液化工艺、沙柳材液化的工艺及产物分析、沙柳材在碳酸乙烯酯和多元醇中液化动力学分析、生物质聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的发泡工艺及结构表征、聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备与阻燃性能及吸声性能、聚氨酯发泡制备保温材料、杨木单板/柳材液化产物发泡复合建筑结构材、中纤板/柳材液化产物发泡复合建筑结构材等.3.重要结果与关键数据. 用1%H2SO4溶液微波酸处理，微波干燥处理7min,木液比为2、液化温度170℃、3%的催化剂作用下，30min内几乎完全液化。碳酸乙烯酯液化最优工艺：反应温度150℃、反应时间20min、液固比4:1、催化剂用量4%，得到残渣率为8.45%。液化率最高的液化工艺为60%的聚乙二醇、30%的乙醇和10%的丙醇混合物为液化剂，反应温度为150℃；羟值最高的液化工艺为60%的聚乙二醇和40%的乙醇混合物为液化剂，反应温度为150 ℃。液固比4:1、液化时间22min、反应温度160oC，催化剂用量4.5%。在此条件下，沙柳材液化率可达到91.03%，活化能Ea=1.649×104J/mol，指前因子A=27.45 L/(min·mol)。加入6%的有机蒙脱土的聚氨酯型泡沫复合材料孔径变密，层间距由1.76mm变为4.08mm。吸声系数为0.86，氧指数为35.6。聚氨酯发泡材料的密度为113.445kg/m3，保温材料的抗压强度为6.987Mpa。制备杨木单板/柳材液化产物发泡复合建筑结构材实验室产品，制备中纤板/柳材液化产物发泡复合建筑结构材实验室产品。.4.科学意义. 对开发木结构房屋建筑或传统钢筋混凝土房屋建筑轻质隔墙材料具有重要的理论与实用价值，可提高沙生灌木资源利用率，增加农牧民收入，促进沙区生态建设，实现生态效益、经济效益和社会效益协调发展。