基于生物质炭投加与循环控制的促进餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的过程与机制研究

Guarantee the efficient and stable operation of anaerobic reactor, and eliminate toxic substances inhibiting have been drawing more attention worldwide in the anaerobic digestion technology. Modified E-D anaerobic reactor as the research object, the process and mechanism for treatment food waste by an anaerobic digester system with the biochar addition and cycle control will be investigated. With the agricultural waste as raw materials, the preparation process conditions of biochar will be optimized. On basis of analysis the physical and chemical properties of biochar and food waste, the modified E-D anaerobic reactor will be constructed. At the same time, the treatment efficiency will be investigated for treatment food waste by the anaerobic reactor. The effect of variation of total ammonia nitrogen, oil content on the anaerobic digester process will be researched. Then through the biochar addition and cycle control, the inhibition of toxic substance for the anaerobic digester reactor will be eliminated. Meanwhile, from multi-dimensional of physical and chemical properties of anaerobic granular sludge, gene, enzyme activity, and methane production potential, the mechanism of eliminate toxic substances by biochar addition and cycle control will be indicated. On this basis, through the biochar addition and cycle control of collaborative optimization, the optimal operation conditions and design parameters of the modified E-D anaerobic reactor will be comprehensively evaluated and achieved. The research results will provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the novel reactor design, operation and optimization. Meanwhile it could realize the food waste harmless, recycling, and reduction treatment. Simultaneously, it will promote the new type of anaerobic reactor in the application and development for solid waste treatment.

保障厌氧反应器的高效稳定运行，消除毒性物质的抑制是当前厌氧消化技术的研究热点之一。本课题以改良E-D厌氧反应器为研究对象，开展基于生物质炭投加与循环控制的促进餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的过程与机制研究。以农业废弃物为原料，优化其制备生物质的工艺条件；在对生物质炭与餐厨垃圾理化特性系统分析的基础上，构建改良E-D厌氧反应器并探讨其对餐厨垃圾的处理效能；研究餐厨垃圾中总氨氮、油脂含量变化对厌氧消化过程的影响；继而通过生物质炭的投加、反应器的循环控制，消除毒性物质对厌氧消化过程的抑制；从污泥理化特性角度、遗传基因角度、酶学角度、产甲烷潜能角度等多维度，揭示生物质炭投加与循环控制对于消除毒性物质抑制的机理；在此基础上，通过对生物质炭投加与循环控制的协同优化，获得改良E-D厌氧反应器处理餐厨垃圾最佳的运行及设计参数，实现餐厨垃圾无害化、资源化与减量化处理，并促进新型厌氧反应器在固体废弃物处理领域的应用与发展。

保障厌氧反应器的高效稳定运行，消除毒性物质的抑制是当前厌氧消化技术的研究热点之一。本项目以改良E-D厌氧反应器为研究对象，开展了基于生物质炭投加与循环控制的促进餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的过程与机制研究。探究了剩余污泥（SS）、餐厨垃圾（FW）、玉米芯（CC）、甘蔗渣（BG）4种不同基质生物炭对厌氧生物处理餐厨垃圾效能的影响，CC与BG生物炭的添加对厌氧颗粒污泥的形成和结构稳定性具有促进作用；SS组的甲烷杆菌属丰度最高，而BG组中甲烷丝菌属丰度最高。KEGG功能分析表明古菌及细菌均以碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢为主；而投加BG与SS生物炭后，微生物膜运输水平得到了提高。继而以甘蔗渣炭作为基质，探讨了铁改性、壳聚糖改性、铁-壳聚糖改性、铁镁-壳聚糖改性生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程、污泥特性、微生物群落的影响。添加负载铁镁-壳聚糖甘蔗渣炭能提升氨氮胁迫下厌氧反应器对于COD的去除效能；负载金属元素的改性炭可促进辅酶F420的产生。铁镁-壳聚糖改性生物炭反应器中细菌与古细菌能量代谢为四个反应器中最大，同时其微生物的碳水化合物代谢与膜运输的基因丰度要大于其他组。最后采取开启循环（OC）、投加改性生物炭（MB）、投加改性生物炭并开启循环（MBOC）三种强化措施对厌氧反应器处理餐厨垃圾进行了强化。MB阶段信号分子与相互作用的功能基因丰度最大，改性生物炭对于促进TCA循环更有利。MBOC阶段可更好地提升氨氮与油脂胁迫下厌氧反应器对于餐厨垃圾的去除效能，同时糖苷转移酶在MBOC阶段的基因丰度最大对于糖酵解的功能的促进更为明显。Methanosaeta的相对丰度由OC阶段的38.98%，增大到MB、MBOC阶段的64.94%和64.01%。最后在系统分析E-D厌氧反应器处理餐厨垃圾的基础上，获得了其最佳的运行工况，该研究工作的完成将有利的推动与促进厌氧反应器在处理餐厨垃圾领域的应用与发展。