基于毫米波雷达的沙尘暴定量探测研究

Dust storm is a disaster weather that is unique to arid and semi-arid areas. It not only destroys ecological balance and living environment, but also has an important impact on climate change. The quantitative monitoring and accurate forecasting of dust storm is an urgent need for disaster prevention and environment protection in China. The project is focused on remote sensing monitoring of dust storm and quantitative inversion of mass concentration. It takes the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert as the experimental area, using millimeter-wave radar, GPS sounding system (carrying dust particle spectrometer) and other equipment to carry out the detection of dust storm. Based on the combination of observation, statistical fitting, contrast and theoretical analysis, the characteristics of radar reflectance factor (echo intensity), radial velocity and velocity spectrum are studied in detail. Based on the radar reflectivity factor, the monitoring method of the height and vertical intensity distribution of the dust pollution is established, and the vertical distribution rule of the typical dust storms in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert is revealed. The quantitative inversion formula between the radar reflectivity factor and the dust storm concentration is constructed, and the quantitative estimation of the dust concentration of the dust storm is made. This research can provide a new reference technology for the future monitoring of dust storm, and will play an active and important role in dust disaster prevention and environment protection.

沙尘暴的发生发展不仅破坏生态平衡和人类生存环境，而且对气候变化有着重要影响，其造成的直接和间接损失巨大。沙尘暴的定量监测和准确预报是我国防灾减灾、生态环境保护的迫切需求。本项目围绕沙尘暴监测和质量浓度定量反演问题，以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地为试验区，利用毫米波雷达、GPS探空系统（携带轻便沙尘粒子谱仪）等设备开展探测沙尘暴的科学试验，采取观测、统计拟合、对比及理论分析相结合的方法，细致研究沙尘暴过程雷达反射率因子、径向速度和速度谱宽等谱参数特征，建立基于雷达反射率因子确定沙尘输送高度、垂直强度分布的监测方法，揭示塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地典型沙尘暴粒子谱垂直分布规律，构建雷达反射率因子与沙尘暴质量浓度之间的定量反演公式，初步实现利用毫米波雷达对沙尘暴质量浓度的定量估测。本项研究可为今后沙尘暴的定量监测提供新的参考技术手段，也将在沙尘灾害防御、生态环境保护等领域发挥积极和重要的作用。

沙尘暴的发生发展不仅破坏生态平衡和人类生存环境，而且对气候变化有着重要影响，其造成的直接和间接损失巨大。沙尘暴的定量监测和准确预报是我国防灾减灾、生态环境保护的迫切需求。本项目围绕沙尘暴监测和质量浓度定量反演问题，以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地为试验区，利用毫米波雷达、太赫兹雷达、激光雷达、GRIMM颗粒物监测仪、集沙仪等设备开展探测沙尘暴的科学试验，采取观测、统计拟合、对比及理论分析相结合的方法，细致分析了沙尘暴过程雷达速度功率谱特征，深入研究了沙尘暴过程反射率因子、径向速度和速度谱宽等特征，建立基于雷达反射率因子确定沙尘输送高度、垂直强度分布的监测方法，研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠近地层沙尘粒径分布特征，初步揭示了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地典型沙尘暴近地层粒子谱垂直分布规律，构建了雷达反射率因子与沙尘暴质量浓度之间的定量反演公式，初步实现了利用毫米波雷达对沙尘暴质量浓度的定量估测。本项研究可为今后沙尘暴的定量监测提供新的参考技术手段，也将在沙尘灾害防御、生态环境保护等领域发挥积极和重要的作用。